جنسیت، توسعه و Civil Society
Sohrab Razaghi Saturday 27 October 2007 in recent decades the participation of civil society organizations In international talks, particularly in meeting the various United Nations way of inspiring new thinking and planning has been. For example you can change the approach of "Women and Development "approach to" gender and development "mentioned. Abtd UN or 70 AD called" Women and Development ", called the 80 deaths, but the efforts of civil society organizations Gender and development approach and development of alternative approaches were women. Although in recent years, gender and development approach also has faced criticism, but is still the dominant approach. Concept Sex with the strategy proposed to show that the unequal position of women in today's world due to their biological properties were not. Result of gender rules, traditions and social relations In societies and cultures that determines the behavior of all men and women share the power of men and women are. Gender to male and female social structure is said that in terms of Different time and place will change. In other words, gender differences in behavior refers to the inherent and acquired. Gender has the ability to change is because of historical factors influenced And social forms. Value in the concept of gender in the new development paradigm is that social processes to review terms of their impact on men, women and relations between them Deals. In this sense, the women did not consider separate but causes differences from class, race, ethnicity, age, ability and sexual behavior between men and women revealed Be. Although the difference between women and development approaches and gender and development sometimes seems artificial. Both the above approach of political strategies aimed at improving women's living conditions are. Both approaches lack sufficient resources have been encountered. But the fundamental weakness of women and development approaches. Was that women separate from men would consider. Gender and Development approach the problems Has been associated. Since the concept of gender both women and men in the covers, may be considered neutral concept and that the ranking position of men in gender Are higher be rejected. Therefore, the analysis means looking at gender differences, but rather meant to analyze how these differences lead to the inequality In power between women and men. Appears that today sex a politically correct word has become. Bavrmvmy is on gender and development programs, compared Women in development, with focus are more structured because the relations between men and women are paying. One of the consequences of this situation is the result that some groups Considering that women were making alone is not longer justified because of women's organizations spend rejected. The important thing is that civil society organizations must constantly remember Are the analytical concept gender. Applying a gender-based approach and gender analysis means that organizations influence (potential) policy, programs and activities On their men, women and relations between them are evaluated. This does not mean that policies and programs with special focus on women and / or men are not justified. Groups Strategic goals and activities continue to depend on local circumstances will be. So for civil society organizations a gender approach is meant to reinforce strategies The reform focuses on gender differences. These strategies can be shared individually or focus on women and men have. While the processes of economic, political The main dimensions of globalization and cultural history make up social movements simultaneously impact of globalization processes in local, national and international challenged Have. Women's most important social movement of recent decades has been that this fight has contributed, because this movement based on its principles and create coalitions Zmandhy years Around collective interests and goals has been. Women's NGOs also emerging and expanding around the world and addressing social issues and express their interests and needs Women are different. Talks about women made in the UN conference about women in Beijing in 1995 and other international meetings, not only showed a little increase Women's social movement but also represents a qualitative move and upgrade it to become a global force. Ability of women activists and organizations in dialogue and interaction with institutions such as the organization United Nations and governments show increasing confidence, maturity, leadership ability and political and professional organizations are mentioned. Somewhere in the world of women's NGOs play an important role Ability to grow in leadership and women have sought to increase their role and participation of women in formal political processes and institutions - are social. At present local conditions of each community to determine The amount of visitors the role of women as agents of change in the political structure of the region. Now need to institutionalize the importance of making a promoter of gender equality strategies of legitimacy Have been higher. In these circumstances, create networks of cooperation and alliance between women and their organizations is important. The main goal of civil society organizations in the field of development Aimed against marginalized liberation, release, and the full participation of all individuals in determining the future and shaping the society is healthy. Slum means of control Person living environment and lack of material and disposal to decide on the topics of material and spiritual life he has is the impact. Slum result of a political process And involve the exclusion of social, economic, cultural and political result of unequal power relations are. Inequality of power in controlling access to the resources, production, assets, income, Information, knowledge, decisions in the household, community, national and global will be visible. Release and release process that requires the collective expression of shared needs and interests of people Is on the sidelines. However, it should overcome the expense of others will be done but of course requires a review of the distribution of power and control over material and non material resources. Reload the distribution Strength and frequency of release conditions and growth in comparison with conditions and lack of conflict of interest will be achieved easier. Release requires a commitment to liberalization and democratic social relations between Provide people with the aim of public participation, regardless of scale and form of social structure. Be more than any other gender differences on social relations between individuals and all levels of organization Private relations between men and affect. However, the private relations can place their incidence of gender inequalities shape is seeking supremacy and domination. Commitment Release to the public and participation of civil society organizations to reconsider the boundaries between private and public arena has been forced. Civil Society Organizations to the right people to make decisions In matters that are related to their lives without compromising the rights of others in this regard are committed civil society organizations and NGOs dealing with women following Domination of women over the past two decades, strides have been on. The progress achieved in this regard is the following statement accepting global equality in the field of women and men By governments and international institutions. But human development reports as unpleasant image of men and women equal status in the world offers. Indicates a continuous trend Marginalization of women both in absolute and in comparison with men. Policy objective of gender, women and development of civil society organizations to deal with is the process. The purpose of this policy To help release and promote the participation of women in various countries, particularly South. Empowerment to social, economic, political and cultural welfare of women is necessary, access, self-esteem, And equal rights of men and women may be fulfilled. In order to avoid merely verbal commitments and help to evaluate activities in the field of development, empowerment requires making operational Is more and more extensive. Only about gender equality and the welfare of men and women are not equal opportunity but also the ideological and political issue is also. Equality and the release Can not be imposed from the top down or by intermediary groups can be achieved. Women should be released through their efforts and apply them to express and implement their basic rights be realized. This requires the empowerment of women is an individual or group. Considering that it is necessary power relations between women and men to change. Women and men as perpetrators Change process towards gender equality are a liability. Of civil society organizations, release and empower a central role in the subject are developed. Current challenges presented The concept of power and empowerment is based on the rule is not. Although the release process must be controlled to women and leadership, commitment and involvement of groups More specifically they are the powers (such as governments, organizations, movements and even the men within the family) definitely is important in this regard. Empowerment and capacity building Now becoming common words that require further action are making. Empowerment with material and immaterial dimensions that have links with each other and with issues Such as material prosperity, access, ideology and values, participation, and control activities are relevant. Empowerment could be related to any of the following dimensions be done: 1 - Prosperity: basic needs Material such as health, food and income. Social inequality - the direct result of women's economic inequality is on their access. 2 - Access: the need for equal access to resources like education, Knowledge, employment, labor and capital. Women in achieving equal access barriers such as laws, traditions, customs and values are facing discrimination. 3 - Accepting the fact that women's inequality Men and the result of structural and institutional discrimination is not due to the inherent inequality of women. This requires understanding the difference between sex and gender roles and gender roles as a social being Change can be formed. Any vision and knowledge based on the principle of gender equality is. For women, it requires the acceptance of their dignity and self-esteem is. 4 - Contribute In the decision making process: This requires mobilizing and organizing women as a group with the aim of chasing their desires and opinions are expressed. Finally it should be more control Lead by women. Starting point of this motion accepting women as active agents rather than passively receive gun in strengthening women's participation is. 5 - Control: the balance of power between women Without the dominance of men and the other one. Equality requires the participation in power with the aim of ensuring equal access to resources and distribution of benefits is equal. Achieve the necessary control of the welfare Is. Interconnected nature of this framework shows that the inequality in women's issues and how a surface affects the other levels will be. The above framework of civil society organizations Able to measure the field, and potential constraints related activities will develop.
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